Mapping QTL of Fiber Yield and Quality Traits in F2 Populations of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense

In this study, F₂ populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F₂ population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.     

农业科研单位青年科技人员思想政治工作初探

思想政治工作是党的建设工作的重要法宝，充分体现了党组织的统领全局作用和凝聚作用。随着农业体制机制改革的日益深入，农业科研单位正经历着复杂而又深刻的改革，同时，青年科技人员的思想也在悄然变化。农业科技创新归根到底取决于青年科技人员，面对青年科技工作者新的思想动态、精神状态的变化，必须开展有效的思想政治工作，以帮助青年科技人员树立正确的思想信念，克服错误的思想倾向，为深入推进农业科研单位健康、协调发展提供强大的精神正能量。     

口蹄疫病毒A型竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒在流行病学调查中的应用

为评价口蹄疫病毒A型竞争ELISA(cELISA)抗体检测试剂盒在流行病学调查中的应用前景,对2017年从福建省三明市采集的336份黄牛、奶牛、羊和猪血清样品,用A型cELISA抗体检测试剂盒进行抗体检测。结果显示,92份黄牛血清、92份羊血清、92份猪血清、60份奶牛血清的A型抗体阳性率分别为13.04%、11.96%、20.65%、86.67%。从上述4种血清中,各挑选10份血清(阴性、阳性各5份)共40份,采用口蹄疫病毒液相阻断ELISA(LPB-ELISA)抗体检测试剂盒进行验证。结果显示:cELISA检测为阳性的20份血清中,用LPB-ELISA检出阳性19份;cELISA检测为阴性的20份血清中,用LPB-ELISA检出阴性17份;两种方法的κ值为0.8,总符合率为90.00%。结果表明,A型cELISA试剂盒与LPB-ELISA试剂盒的符合率和一致性均较高,可用于口蹄疫流行病学调查和血清学监测。     

水稻秧苗运输车的设计

为了提高水稻的种植效率,水稻插秧机应运而生并且应用的十分普及;但是秧苗的补给主要靠人工来完成,影响了插秧机作业效率。为此,设计了一种水稻秧苗运输车,采用乘坐式独轮驱动,以小马力柴油机为动力,一次完成水稻秧苗从田埂到运秧车的输送、田间的运输以及运秧车与插秧机秧苗的对接输送,从而提高了工作效率。同时,阐述了该设计的关键技术、总体结构、工作原理,以及关键工作机构与部件设计。     

基于CPLD的漏播检测装置的设计与测试

针对现有漏播检测装置并行性差、响应速度慢等不足,提出一种新型的漏播检测装置。该装置采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)作为检测控制核心,能够同时提供8路落种检测,适用于大型精密穴播机械。该检测装置采用光电器件作为落种传感器,响应快速准确。6对红外对管采用特殊方式排列在排种管的相对两侧,避免光线干涉,提高检测精度。该装置适用于检测直径3mm以上种子(如麦粒、黄豆、玉米粒等),能够配合上位机GPS精确定位漏播位置,为漏播后的补种修正提供位置和数目信息。手工落种测试时,对小麦、黄豆、玉米种子的检出率可达100%。将该装置在播种试验台上进行实验,统计自动落种数目,精度可达95%以上;对单粒漏播进行报警统计,精度可达80%以上。改进试验台实验条件,以自适应方式运行可以使装置的检测精度进一步提升。     

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

干旱胁迫对3种冷季型草坪草光谱反射率及生理特征的影响

为探讨高光谱分析技术在草坪草水分监测上的应用,以草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草为试验材料,测定了干旱胁迫下3种冷季型草坪草生理指标及光谱反射率。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,供试草坪草叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量显著下降(P0.05),丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量及敏感波段的(550和760 nm)的光谱反射率显著上升(P0.05),3种草坪草抗旱性能的强弱顺序为:高羊茅多年生黑麦草草地早熟禾。3种草坪草敏感波段光谱反射率(R_(550 nm),R_(760 nm))及高光谱参数(Rg,R0,GNDVI)与生理指标间呈显著或极显著相关,以R_(550 nm)与生理指标间的相关系数绝对值最大。同时R_(550 nm)构建了供试草坪草生理指标的估测模型,经检验,模型估测值与实测值相关性达显著或极显著水平。     

西藏设施番茄晚疫病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

以具典型晚疫病症状的番茄病叶为试材,采用薯片夹叶分离法对病原菌进行分离,测定了不同培养基、pH、温度、碳源、氮源对菌丝生长、产孢的影响,通过病原菌鉴定和生物学特性研究,以期为西藏设施番茄晚疫病发生及防治提供理论依据。结果表明:引起设施番茄晚疫病的病原菌为致病疫霉菌Phytophthora infestans(Mont)de Bary。病菌菌丝在大多数培养基上均能良好生长,其中RSA培养基最适宜菌丝生长及产孢;菌丝生长和产孢的最适温度范围为18℃,最适生长pH 6~7;菌丝对碳源的利用,以可溶性淀粉最好,麦芽糖最差;在氮源利用方面,菌丝在以脯氨酸为氮源的查氏培养基上生长最快,在精氨酸、胱氨酸和氯化铵上不生长。孢子囊的致死温度为55℃,15min。     

A peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide

The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.     

小麦新陈快速鉴别方法的研究

对小麦的新陈快速鉴别方法进行了研究。研究结果表明,愈创木酚法在小麦收获后的前两个月用于现场收购当年产的新麦,有较高的准确度;酸度指示法在一定程度上可以快速判断小麦的新鲜程度,适用于异地调运新麦。